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PurposeThis paper aims to identify key factors for a contextualised Systemic Risk Governance (SRG) framework and subsequently explore how systemic risks can be managed and how local institutional mechanisms can be tweaked to deal with the complex Indonesian risk landscape.Design/methodology/approachUsing a case study from Palu triple-disasters in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, the authors demonstrate how inland earthquakes in 2018 created cascading secondary hazards, namely tsunamis, liquefactions and landslides, caused unprecedented disasters for the communities and the nation. A qualitative analysis was conducted using the data collected through a long-term observation since 2002.FindingsThe authors argue that Indonesia has yet to incorporate an SRG approach in its responses to the Palu triple-disasters. Political will is required to adopt more appropriate risk governance modes that promote the systemic risk paradigm. Change needs to occur incrementally through hybrid governance arrangements ranging from formal/informal methods to self- and horizontal and vertical modes of governance deemed more realistic and feasible. The authors recommend that this be done by focusing on productive transition and local transformation.Originality/valueThere is growing awareness and recognition of the importance of systemic and cascading risks in disaster risk studies. However, there are still gaps between research, policy and practice. The current progress of disaster risk governance is not sufficient to achieve the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) unless there is an effective governing system in place at the local level that allow actors and institutions to simultaneously manage the interplays of multi-hazards, multi-temporal, multi-dimensions of vulnerabilities and residual risks. This paper contributes to these knowledge gaps.
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The rapid spread of COVID-19 requires rapid management. Prompt treatment is needed to prevent the spread of this disease, which could be minimized or isolated in one place so that it does not spread to other places. This study was conducted to discover a model of the surveillance system in real time and to analyze the change in its distribution pattern. This study was conducted in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, involving 30 volunteers. Two devices were used, the Internet reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (iRTLAMP) and IoT button application, to provide spatial data in the form of patient points exposed to COVID-19. Furthermore, three scenarios were applied to see the pattern of data distribution. The data recorded in the cloud database were retrieved with a created application and then analyzed using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) to observe the distribution of patterns in real time. The analysis utilizing KDE with the Gaussian kernel function as the kernel revealed significant changes in the probability distribution, which could be seen from color changes in the map. The centrographic analysis revealed that the mean and median points of the three scenarios changed in various ways within approximately 700 m to 1.7 km. Meanwhile, the radius of minimal bounding circle behaved similarly and appeared to change depending on the scenario, from a radius of 5.57 (initial) km to 6.55 km (scenario 1), 5.57 km (scenario 2) and 6.22 km (scenario 3). The standard distance also showed a change from 4.53 km to 4.60 km (scenario 1), 4.70 km (scenario 2) and 5.40 km (scenario 3). Simulations carried out using the developed system showed that the use of internet devices could help monitor people exposed to COVID-19 by changing patterns and distribution points. Therefore, decision makers could take preventive actions earlier so that this disease does not spread quickly. © 2023, Mahidol University - ASEAN Institute for Health Development. All rights reserved.
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Background: Corona Virus (COVID-19) is a new respiratory viral infectious disease that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Subsequently, as of May 31, 2022, the government of South Sulawesi reported 143,276 confirmed cases, 2,463 deaths, and 140,395 recovered patients. Purpose: To analyze the impact of behavior, travel history, and comorbidities on the incidence of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi. Methods: This is observational research with a cross-sectional study design and was conducted from January-April 2022 in 7 districts of South Sulawesi Province. A population of 650 respondents with a total sample of 161 patients confirmed positive and 189 suspected of having COVID-19. The Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a relationship between travel history (p 0.00;OR 2.19), knowledge (p 0.03;OR 1.74), and actions (p 0.00;OR 0.18) on the incidence of COVID-19. Additionally, no relationship was reported between comorbidities (p 0.85), attitudes (p 0.90), and level of knowledge (p 0.08 > (0.05)) on the incidence of COVID-19. The most influential variable in the rapid spread was travel history, with an exp(B) value of 2.19 CI (95%) (LL=1.26;UL=3.80). Conclusion: The results showed that travel history, knowledge, and actions made a major contribution to the spread of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi Province.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, as Indonesia mobilized to deliver vaccines to the population, an unexpected phenomenon occurred: political parties became directly involved in the vaccine delivery effort. In this article, we draw on online reports and interviews to demonstrate that these campaigns acted as an extension of the patronage politics that dominate the country's political arena. The involvement of political parties had little effect on the national vaccination effort, as parties delivered a relatively small number of vaccines and often targeted areas that already had high coverage. Instead, parties and politicians used these events to strengthen links with constituents and supporters. We identify three main pathways that allowed political parties to access the vaccines: lobbying by members of the national legislature's health commission;through local governments;and by direct executive government access to the national Ministry of Health. This "hijacking" of a national policy for clientelistic purposes provides insight into the presence of intra-party coordination of patronage goods but also demonstrates the personalization and fragmentation of patronage distribution highlighted in the existing literature. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the quality of public healthcare and other services in Indonesia.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has considerable mental health impacts. Immersive nature-based interventions, such as swimming or snorkeling, may help mitigate the global mental health crisis caused by the pandemic. To investigate this, we collected cross-sectional data from residents of coastal villages (n = 308) in Kepulauan Selayar, Indonesia. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used with mental well-being as the outcome variable, operationalized as the Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores from the SF-12 (12-item Short Form Health Survey). After adjusting for covariates, the activity of sea swimming or snorkeling was found to be significantly associated with better mental well-being (2 = 0.036;p < 0.01). Predictive margins analysis revealed that those who engaged in sea swimming or snorkeling for one to three days a week gained a 2.7 increase in their MCS scores, compared to those who did not. A non-linear dose-response relationship was detected: for those swimming or snorkeling more than three days per week, there was only an increase of 1.7 MCS score compared to the 0-day. Overall this study contributes to the expanding of evidence base, showing that interactions with blue spaces can be beneficial for mental health, especially in a potentially stressful time such as the current pandemic.
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Background: The incidence of domestic violence during the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is reported to have increased in several countries, including Indonesia. The increase in domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with economic problems. Domestic violence has a negative impact on women's health because it can cause physical and psychological trauma and disruption of reproductive health. Aims: To find out the description of domestic violence in women during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a quantitative research design with a descriptive research method. 393 respondents were recruited in this study with the criteria of being married, living with a partner (husband) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and domiciled in South Sulawesi. Results: The majority of respondents did not experience domestic violence, as many as 319 people (81.2%) and 74 people who experienced domestic violence (18.8%). Most of the respondents who experienced domestic violence were aged 20-35 years (71.6%), the last education was tertiary education (59.5%), worked as housewives (66.6%), spouses worked as an entrepreneur (54.1%), had monthly income < regional minimum wage (60.8%), had two children (75.7%) and had a nuclear family (55.4%). Conclusions: Most women in South Sulawesi experience psychological violence. Future research suggests expanding the research sample so that the population can be represented and conducting a qualitative study.
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One of Indonesia's cocoa bean production centers is Southeast Sulawesi Province with a production value of 115,023 tons, with a total export value of US$ 1.5 billion in 2019. The export value of this cocoa commodity is still quite high during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to Trademap data, the value of Indonesia's cocoa exports in 2021 will reach US$1.2 billion, only down 2.9% from the previous year. The problems faced in cocoa development are the quality of the product is still low, the development of upstream and downstream cocoa products has not been optimal, and the continuity of cocoa supply has not been fulfilled. This study aims to analyze the development of cocoa commodity exports and measure the level of competitiveness of Southeast Sulawesi cocoa in the international market. The analytical method used to see the development of cocoa exports is quantitative descriptive using library research and to analyze the competitiveness of Southeast Sulawesi cocoa using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) formula. The data used in this study is time series data from 2011-2021. Based on the results of research conducted, it shows that the development of Indonesia's cocoa exports in 2011-2021 fluctuated wherein the decline and increase occurred during the last 10 years, while the development of Southeast Sulawesi cocoa exports could be seen in 2015-2021 with fluctuating increases and decreases. Meanwhile, the results of the competitiveness analysis using the RCA method on cocoa in Southeast Sulawesi during the 2011-2021 period showed a fluctuating RCA value with an average of 4.8. With a value of more than 1, it means that Southeast Sulawesi cocoa commodities have strong competitiveness or it can be said that they also have a comparative advantage.
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According to Taine (1987), literary work is not only centered on imaginative and personal facts, rather it is also a reflection or cultural record of specific ideas. [...]the author's biography and social background are a way to decipher whether it is based on a true-life story or imagination. Learning literature is not only limited to the reading of books. Indonesia is a large country with many people from diverse ethnicities who live together as a society. Besides humans, animals are also reared as either pets or livestock. [...]relates them to concrete historical and social conditions, groups, and classes associated with the writer's vision.
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Background: Corona Virus (COVID-19) is a new respiratory viral infectious disease that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Subsequently, as of May 31, 2022, the government of South Sulawesi reported 143,276 confirmed cases, 2,463 deaths, and 140,395 recovered patients. Purpose: To analyze the impact of behavior, travel history, and comorbidities on the incidence of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi. Methods: This is observational research with a cross-sectional study design and was conducted from January-April 2022 in 7 districts of South Sulawesi Province. A population of 650 respondents with a total sample of 161 patients confirmed positive and 189 suspected of having COVID-19. The Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a relationship between travel history (p0.00;OR 2.19), knowledge (p0.03;OR 1.74), and actions (p0.00;OR 0.18) on the incidence of COVID-19. Additionally, no relationship was reported between comorbidities (p0.85), attitudes (p0.90), and level of knowledge (p0.08>(0.05) on the incidence of COVID-19. The most influential variable in the rapid spread was travel history, with an exp(B) value of 2.19 CI (95%) (LL=1.26;UL=3.80). Conclusion: The results showed that travel history, knowledge, and actions made a major contribution to the spread of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi Province. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Latar Belakang: Virus Corona (COVID-19) adalah penyakit infeksi virus pernapasan baru yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit mulai dari flu biasa hingga sindrom pernapasan akut yang parah. Per tanggal 31 Mei 2022, Pemerintah Sulawesi Selatan melaporkan 143.276 kasus terkonfirmasi, 2.463 meninggal, dan 140.395 pasien sembuh. Tujuan: Menganalisis dampak perilaku, riwayat perjalanan, dan penyakit penyerta terhadap kejadian COVID-19 di Sulawesi Selatan. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari-April 2022 di tujuh kabupaten di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 650 responden dengan total sampel 161 pasien terkonfirmasi positif dan 189 suspek COVID-19. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat perjalanan (p0,00;OR 2,19), pengetahuan (p0,03;OR 1,74), dan tindakan (p0,00;OR 0,18) terhadap kejadian COVID-19. Selain itu, tidak ada hubungan yang dilaporkan antara penyakit penyerta (p0.85), sikap (p0.90), dan tingkat pengetahuan (p0.08>(0.05) terhadap kejadian COVID-19. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap penyebaran cepat adalah riwayat perjalanan dengan nilai exp(B) 2,19 CI (95%) (LL=1,26;UL=3,80). Kesimpulan: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa riwayat perjalanan, pengetahuan, dan tindakan memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap penyebaran COVID-19 di provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. (Indonesian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Business Sustainability is closely related to the green environment and of the products produced, photocatalyst is one of the strategies in caring for the green environment. The benefits of this product are a very important opportunity for small business actors where ceramic SMEs have never developed photocatalyst green products. This study uses SEM-PLS analysis, with SmartPLS software as a processing tool where data is obtained from 300 business actors developing green products (photocatalysts) spread across Indonesia;data collection is carried out directly using questionnaires with stratified purposive sampling method and obtained research samples totaling 200 SMEs. This research shows that the development of green products can be a perfect mediation in bridging the absorption capacity and business sustainability. The development of green products encourages the spirit of obtaining information, interpretation, internalization and facilities by SMEs so as to provide increased productivity, increase production quality, increase environmental friendliness and more dissemination to the green product market. However, the green environment cannot drive the sustainable performance of SMEs because it is not fully understood that the green environment is driving its products but rather to market needs and profit targets and existing market needs.
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Purpose>This paper presents the experience of co-researching with persons with disabilities in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) humanitarian programming using participatory methods that enable empowerment.Design/methodology/approach>This paper focuses on methods that ensure the active participation of persons with disabilities as co-researchers. These methods include building the capacity of persons with disabilities on the research topic and instruments, pre-interview role-plays, field pilot testing, post-data collection debriefing and reflective learning through writing learning diaries.Findings>This research shows that persons with disabilities have the drive and capacity to contribute to research. Methods such as continuous engagement, capacity building and feedback mechanisms are essential for their participation and influence in the research production process. These methods can provide empowering experiences for persons with disabilities. However, they are often time-consuming and can be convoluted.Originality/value>Research conducted with persons with disabilities in disaster and humanitarian studies is still scarce. Consequently, resources on inclusive and participatory methodology involving persons with disabilities are minimal. Therefore, this article contributes to addressing this knowledge gap.
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The purpose of the research that the author wants to achieve is to find out the development of maritime-based MICE tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the potential in the Malino tourist area is very much both from Nature Tourism, Cultural Tourism and Artificial Tourism so that if it is developed to the maximum it will make the Malino tourist area more popular and tourists visiting can increase with the availability of adequate facilities.
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Participatory mapping has continued to evolve with the onset of new methodologies and technology. Conventional methods for sketching have now expanded to incorporate the use of drone imagery and other sophisticated mapping approaches as a base map. However, the use of ultra-high resolution drone imagery does not mean that it will facilitate more participatory processes nor improve the quality of data and uses of information. Indeed, it has long been known that ultra-high spatial resolution can cause misinterpretation. During COVID-19, innovations are emerging to apply more remote technologies in participatory mapping. Mobility concerns, requirements, and preferences for physical distancing discourages active participation of local communities and are especially complex in contexts involving Indigenous People. This paper specifically explores the mistakes that can arise from overreliance on employing drones as a tool in participatory mapping methods. This paper is based on a case study of participatory mapping conducted at 43 villages (around forest area) of Central Sulawesi Province and West Sulawesi Province. The participatory mapping was carried out by the Sulawesi Community Foundation (SCF) from 2019-2021. The result of the study found at least six signs of potentially negative outcomes from the use of ultra-high resolution drone imagery, starting from disorientation, misperception over the periods of drone acquisition, homogeneous land cover conditions, similar types of plants, numerous signs of nature, and labeling affixed on map. We also encourage the development of ultra-high-resolution drone imagery to take place under certain conditions and see its role as an interpretation dictionary or as a targeted tool in local contexts. In addition, we found that the level of active participation in participatory mapping during the Pandemic was higher than before the pandemic but requires some improvisations in meeting design.
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Livelihood systems of nomadic duck herders make a unique study subject due to the livelihood assets, strategies, and outcomes they manage, which involve interactions with various actors that keep moving around. Social capital the duck herders build in their interaction with other actors, namely rice farmers, play an important role to face different vulnerability context, including those brought by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to characterize components of bonding, bridging and linking social capital in the context of relationships between duck herders and other actors, and seeks to find the essential role of the combination of the three types of social capital for livelihood outcomes, particularly in facing vulnerabilities due to the pandemic. The method of grounded theory research was applied for its ability to allow researchers to reveal processual relationships between duck herders and other actors. Data were collected through semi structured interviews, analyzed by open, axial, and selective coding. The duck herders combine components of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital selectively depending on the interests behind each interaction with different actors. The bridging and linking role that social capital plays in herders' interactions with farmers and irrigation officials is undertaken in order to gain access to natural capital (rice fields and irrigated water), while in their interaction with egg traders, they utilize bridging social capital to gain access to financial capital (in the form of cash and loans). The vulnerability context due to the pandemic has shaken the livelihood system of the duck herders by upsetting the egg supply chain due to social restriction policies. Social capital therefore plays an important role in facing vulnerability, in the context of forming good will among egg traders that continued to buy eggs from the duck herders, which served as a kind of pay back for the loyalty of the duck herders. The researchers find that social capital plays a vital role in a livelihood system, within which the access to livelihood assets depend on social relations. This study also explored the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic as it resonates more on supply chains than production processes.
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COVID-19 has a severe and widespread impact, especially in Indonesia. COVID-19 was first reported in Indonesia on March 03, 2020 then rapidly spread to all 34 provinces by April 09, 2020. Since then, COVID-19 is declared a state of national disaster and health emergency. This research analyzes the difference of CO, HCHO, NO2, and SO2 density in Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, and South Sulawesi before and during the pandemic. Also, this study assesses the effect of large scale restrictions on the economic growth during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. In a nutshell, the results on Wilcoxon and Fisher test by significance level a=5% as well as odds ratio showed that there are significant differences of CO density in all regions with highest odds ratio in East Java (OR=9.07), significant differences of HCHO density in DKI Jakarta, East Java, and South Sulawesi. There are significant differences of NO2 density before and during public activities limitation in DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. However, the results show that there are no significant differences of SO2 density in all regions. In addition, this research shows that there are significant differences of retail, grocery and pharmacy, and residental mobility before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research also shows that during the COVID-19 pandemic there are severe economic losses, industry, companies, and real disruptions are severe for all levels of life due to large scale restrictions.
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Pubescent girls face unique emotional barriers to returning to school after a disaster concerning water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). This paper explores themes of WASH, gender violence, the lack of dignity and sense of shame arising from inadequate WASH facilities for girls in disaster settings. We conducted a structured literature review of 126 sources to investigate the emotional constraints facing pubescent girls concerning WASH in schools in Indonesia, a region prone to frequent disasters. Findings are synthesised into four major themes: psychological experiences of WASH, challenges faced by girls in schools, barriers to inclusive WASH provision and how to create a holistic approach to WASH. Key conclusions include the need for interdisciplinary research, cross sectoral collaboration, more evidence and research in Indonesia, especially regarding menstrual hygiene management, improved toilet design to reduce the physical barriers linked to emotional barriers and inclusive design for those with disabilities.
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Until this year, coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is still an unsolved problem in Indonesia. Apart from Java, other islands, including Sulawesi, were also severely affected. The very high mortality rate in Central Sulawesi (3.36%) poses a challenge for health workers;therefore, they should be well informed and with up- to-date information about correct therapeutic decisions. One of the most common comorbidities that often occurs with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 is hypertension. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics and severity profile and their relationship with the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with hypertension in Palu, Central Sulawesi. A total of 185 data on COVID-19 patients undergoing treatment at the Palu City Hospital during 2021 and meeting the criteria were recruited as research samples. Patients were divided into hypertensive (43%) and non-hypertensive (57%). The results showed that the age group, comorbid diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels showed a significant relationship between the two groups (p < 0.05). The median length of stay was 12 days, with conditions leading to discharge (83%) and death (17%);patients who died were hospitalized in moderate and severe clinical conditions. Age group, liver function, and kidney function were positively correlated with severity and mortality. However, hypertension did not show a significant relationship with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health concern, as the World Health Organization declared this outbreak to be a global pandemic in March 2020. The need for an effective treatment is urgent because the development of an effective vaccine may take years given the complexity of the virus and its rapid mutation. One promising treatment target for COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Thus, this study was aimed to examine whether Sulawesi propolis compounds produced by Tetragonula sapiens inhibit the enzymatic activity of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. In this study, molecular docking was performed to analyze the interaction profiles of propolis compounds with SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The results illustrated that two compounds, namely glyasperin A and broussoflavonol F, are potential drug candidates for COVID-19 based on their binding affinity of -7.8 kcal/mol and their ability to interact with His41 and Cys145 as catalytic sites. Both compounds also displayed favorable interaction profiles with SARS-CoV-2 main protease with binding similarities compared to inhibitor 13b as positive control 63% and 75% respectively.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Up to date, there has been no specific cure to treat the disease. Indonesia is one of the countries that is still fighting to control virus transmission. Yet, at the same time, Indonesia has a rich biodiversity of natural medicinal products that potentially become an alternative cure. Thus, this study examined the potency of a natural medicinal product, Sulawesi propolis compounds produced by Tetragonula sapiens, inhibiting angiotensin-converting activity enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a receptor of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body. In this study, molecular docking was done to analyze the docking scores as the representation of binding affinity and the interaction profiles of propolis compounds toward ACE-2. The results illustrated that by considering the docking score and the presence of interaction with targeted sites, five compounds, namely glyasperin A, broussoflavonol F, sulabiroins A, (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone and isorhamnetin are potential to inhibit the binding of ACE-2 and SARS-CoV-2, with the docking score of -10.8, -9.9, -9.5, -9.3 and -9.2 kcal/mol respectively. The docking scores are considered to be more favorable compared to MLN-4760 as a potent inhibitor.